By Camille Garcia, Thomas Hushen and Christina Noriega

Eddie Costilla, owner of La Perla, (left) chats with a few of his regulars, Tomas (center) and Edward (right), on a Wednesday afternoon. Stopping for a drink at La Perla is a ritual for them on their way home from work. Photo by: Christina Noriega

Sitting at the corner of East Sixth Street and Comal Street, the small, dusty house turned bar named La Perla or “The Pearl” may seem out of place next to the upscale venues and pop-up food trucks lining the street.

Owner of La Perla Eddie Costilla said he regularly sees the new generation of East Austin goers pause on the sidewalk in front of his bar, peer in curiously and walk away.

“They’re not sure if they want to go in; they just don’t want to take that risk,” Costilla said. He admits, “It’s nothing too spectacular, but it’s not too big of a letdown.”

The bartender prepares La Perla’s signature drink, the Armodelo. According to bar owner Eddie Costilla, the drink is crafted as a lighter option to the Michelada. Photo by: Christina Noriega

Preserved intact from the 1950s, La Perla is an East Austin artifact, a step into a past when gentrification had not yet shaken the neighborhood. On weekdays, the regulars – most of them Tejano men 50 years old or older– will congregate after work for a $1 Bud Light and chat over a Tejano favorite playing from the jukebox. But on Sundays, the regulars bring their families and friends for a game or two of pool. People dance to Bobby Pulido or chug down one of La Perla’s famous Armodelos, a spicy variation of the Mexican beer Modelo Especial. Before the buyouts began, this was the norm on East Sixth Street.
“Five years ago, we had at least ten bars down this road that were all Tejano,” Costilla said. “And now it’s down to one or two.”

With the closure of Tejano bar Cappuccino’s on Wednesday, La Perla is closer to becoming the only Tejano bar or cantina in Austin. As property taxes continue to rise in East Austin, Castillo said La Perla will eventually close too.

“All I can do right now is try to keep up with it and hope that [property taxes] are not going to go up too much more,” Costilla said.

With the City of Austin bringing in more than 150 new residents a day, growth has increased exponentially throughout East Austin, causing improvements in safety and property values as well as displacing residents and business owners who can no longer afford their rent. Castillo said the Tejano bars on East Sixth Street closed after their lease was bought out by wealthy developers, who then opened rock music venues or cocktail bars.

Julian Vasquez Heileg, associate professor of education at the University of Texas at Austin, said in major cities such as Chicago and Dallas gentrification has pushed out low-income and mostly Latino and African-American communities from land they had been segregated to.

“What wealthy individuals, especially real estate investors have discovered is that communities of color are located in very ideal locations,” Vasquez Haileg said.

Though the neighborhoods have drastically changed in the last decade, historically Latinos and African-Americans primarily populated East Austin, though not by choice. Vasquez Heileg said City of Austin planners pushed Latino and black communities from Central Austin to the East side during the Jim Crow era through real estate red-lining and other de jure segregation methods. In the 1960s, the construction of Interstate 35 sealed the divide between the primarily white, downtown Austin and the East Austin populated by communities of color.

A regular of La Perla contemplates his next move during a game of pool on a Sunday afternoon. Photo by: Christina Noriega

Some of La Perla’s long-time customers or “the old-timers” as Costilla puts it grew up in Austin during this time. In his adolescence, Edward García, a devoted customer since 1955, said he remembers when Latinos had to eat their meals outside at white-only restaurants and when the Tejano bars moved from Central Austin to East Austin.

“Back then you didn’t know it was discrimination,” García said.

While the majority of La Perla’s customers have been regulars for decades, others like Ray Gonzales started going to La Perla six years ago, after the Tejano bars on East Sixth Street closed down. He said the gentrification of East Austin has erased many popular, communal spaces for Tejanos.

“There’s no place for us to congregate anymore and meet people unless you go to someone’s house, but it’s not the same. You want the music and the – it’s kind of hard to explain,” Gonzales said. “I’m losing my culture, I’m losing my people, I’m losing the businesses I use to go to, I’m losing all that.”

Vasquez Heileg said gentrification nationwide has revived the historical segregation of communities of color.

“What you see now in Houston, Austin, Chicago and Dallas is a redux of the historical approaches to these population except for now, these approaches are not under de jure practices or those required by law, but de facto practices,” Vasquez Heileg said.

Costilla said despite the decrease in Tejano bars, Tejano culture can still survive in East Austin

“If the few that are Hispanic and that have grown up in East Austin can all stick together even with the new people coming in, we can preserve that heritage in this East Austin area,” Costilla said.

By Tom Hushen

Written by: Heather Leighton

The smooth rhythms of pianists, strong choruses of opera vocalists, and rapid bowing and fingering of the strings filled the air in the practice hall for the music majors at the Butler School of Music at the University of Texas.

Walking down the hall I would peek through the narrow windows into the practice rooms where the artists would be sitting, or standing, or pacing. All would have a focused stare in their eye as they read their sheet music; many would rarely look up to see me outside.

Listening to these students simply practice caused my body to chill, my heart to smile, and my mind to be amazed.

“Music is great to have a passion for, but if you’re not 100 percent committed, then it’s probably not the life for you,” said Nathan Mertens, a doctoral candidate in saxophone performance at the university.

University of Texas piano professor, Martha Hilley, believes that if more of the general public realized the benefits of studying music, regardless of the instrument, they would see the importance of music. Rather than thinking of it as a frill; an extra. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Two to three hours per day is the minimum amount of practice time suggested to the students from many of their professors, although many practice three to five hours per day.

“The amount of effort that you have to put into the artistry side of it and the fact that you’re never at a spot that you can stop, you can always be better,” Martha Hilley, a professor of piano at the University of Texas, says. “Would you ever slow down as a mathematician if you could get smarter?”

Eva Van Houten reads along her sheet music as she plays the viola. She originally learned the violin and has now learned the viola. The two are similar and the transition was an easy one, according to Van Houten. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Along with practicing daily, music majors are required to take the same course load as all other undergraduate students at the university. This entails 42total hours of core curriculum comprised of English, foreign language, sciences, mathematics, government, history, humanities, and arts.

“Not only do I have homework in all of my classes, but every day I am practicing four or five hours on my instrument and that is the number one priority,” said Mertens.

Music floods the airwaves from headphones, to stores and restaurants, to the University of Texas tower at noon.

“Music is a part of everyone’s life. You can’t go a day without hearing music. Even walking down the street you can hear it in cars,” said Brian Taylor, a music and education double major UT student. “And I think that if you study music, you’ll better able to appreciate it and you can understand why it’s making you happy or sad.

Taylor holds a long note through his trumpet during his practice. “Music a part of everyone’s life and after you know more about it, I think, it helps you connect with it more.” Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

According to professor Hilley, people do not go into music thinking that they are going to be better coordinated, better organized, or have a better ability with scanning material.

“These skills are not normally linked to music, but things that happen as you study music,” she said. “It’s beneficial from a stand point of social well-being, because so much of music is making music with other people.”

According to Dr. Robert Duke, professor of music and human learning and an advisor for the Butler School of music, there is an immediate connection with other musicians, regardless of a possible language barrier.

“I’m not sure how many other activities you can have that immediate rapport with people whom you’ve never met before,” he said.

Though when the Texas Legislature threatened to cut public education budgets by five million dollars in 2011, many music and fine art supporters wereworried that the arts would suffer.

“I think that the arts are becoming less important in our secondary education and that we are ignoring a whole section of our society,” said Harvey Pittel, a former professor of saxophone for the Butler School of Music. “And we are, in a way, beginning to turn our back on our culture.”

Harvey Pittel smiles at his home while speaking on the impact of music in his own life: “I think that everyone that plays a musical instrument has something they want to say, that maybe can’t say it in a different way.” Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

According to Pittel, although the amount of money may be decreasing, the amount of students interested in the arts is not.

“I see more students that I have ever seen wanting to go into the arts, but often the funding isn’t there,” he said, “and that’s of grave concern to me.”

Eva Van Houten, a master’s student in music and human learning, caught this desire for the arts.

“My original inspiration for studying music was joy, I think, I found a lot of happiness in it,” said Van Houten. “When I was a kid I felt a sense of happiness that I didn’t experience in other places.”

Hilley describes this sense of happiness differently. “Music is all consuming,” she said, “so there has to be a fire in the belly or you wouldn’t do it.”

Taylor’s trumpet case holds his favorite instrument to play. As a music and education double major, he has to learn how to play and teach every horn, string, wind, and percussion instrument. Photo by Heather Leighton.

Brian Taylor rests his trumpet by his side as he practices long notes on his mouthpiece only as part of his warm-up during his practices. Photo by Heather Leighton.

Robert Duke, a professor at the University of Texas, claims that there is an instant connection between musicians, regardless of possible language barriers. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Harvey Pittel smiles at his home while speaking on the impact of music in his own life: “I think that everyone that plays a musical instrument has something they want to say, that maybe can’t say it in a different way.” Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Brian Taylor practices his favorite instrument, the trumpet, at his home. Photo by Marshall Tridrick.

Eva Van Houten plays the viola at the Butler School of Music practice rooms. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Through this hall there are numerous music students practicing in their own small rooms within the Butler School of Music and their mixture of string, opera vocals, brass and piano music fills the air. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Anna Breaux (left) and Whitney Swimlear (right) laugh as they practice their clarinets in the Butler School of Music practice rooms. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Brian Taylor, a University of Texas fifth year student, practices on average three hours a day. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Fifth year senior of the Butler School of Music, Brian Taylor, smiles with his trumpet. “The trumpet is my favorite instrument to play; the trombone is my favorite to listen to.” Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Ross Jenkins glides the slide of the trombone as he reads off of his practice sheet music. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Vocalist student, Jehoon Kim, tucks his chin and pushes through his diaphragm as he sings within the practice room. Photo by Marshall Tidrick

Eva Van Houten is caught mid-laugh while posing with her viola in the Butler School of Music practice floors. Photo by Marshall Tidrick.

Information gathered from: http://www.payscale.com/college-salary-report-2014/majors-that-pay-you-back